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Science

Articles in the "Science" category

pH in cosmetics: a basic guide for formulatorsScience

pH in cosmetics: a basic guide for formulators

Why pH is important in cosmetics: the skin's acid mantle, the working range of preservatives and actives, how to measure and safely adjust pH. Step-by-step protocol, pH table by product type.

10 min2 Mar 2026
#pH#acid mantle#pH measurement
Preservation in cosmetics: why a single preservative won't save your formulationScience

Preservation in cosmetics: why a single preservative won't save your formulation

A detailed guide to preservation systems in cosmetics: preservative groups, pH dependence, effective combinations, challenge test, and practical recommendations from Oksana Walker.

15 min2 Mar 2026
#preservation#preservatives#microbiology
Sunscreen products: a complete guide for formulators — why DIY SPF doesn't workScience

Sunscreen products: a complete guide for formulators — why DIY SPF doesn't work

Why you shouldn't make sunscreen at home: physical filters, emulsion types, the role of the base and film-formers, the '1% ZnO = SPF 1' myth, and the architecture of professional formulations

25 min2 Mar 2026
#sunscreen#SPF#zinc oxide
Glucono-delta-lactone → Sodium gluconate: how to make a buffer for an emulsionScience

Glucono-delta-lactone → Sodium gluconate: how to make a buffer for an emulsion

How to neutralize glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) to sodium gluconate: ratio of 1 g GDL = 0.225 g NaOH, step-by-step procedure, practical example for 10 g, how to incorporate the buffer into an emulsion.

8 min2 Mar 2026
#glucono-delta-lactone#sodium gluconate#buffer
Tribology, gums, and gelling agentsScience

Tribology, gums, and gelling agents

Tribology in cosmetics: how friction affects the perception of a cream. Why a blend of guar and xanthan gum provides a better sensory profile. Practical takeaways for formulators.

8 min1 Mar 2026
#tribology#guar gum#xanthan gum
Table salt vs. magnesium sulphate: how to stabilize a water-in-oil emulsionScience

Table salt vs. magnesium sulphate: how to stabilize a water-in-oil emulsion

Table salt or magnesium sulphate for a water-in-oil emulsion? How salt stabilizes a W/O emulsion: the anchoring effect and combating Ostwald ripening. A comparative table of NaCl vs. MgSO₄.

12 min27 Feb 2026
#water-in-oil emulsion#NaCl#MgSO₄
How climate affects the fatty acid and essential oil composition in plantsScience

How climate affects the fatty acid and essential oil composition in plants

How temperature, sun, drought, and humidity alter the profile of fatty acids and essential oils. Why linseed oil from a cold region is richer in Omega-3, and why mint contains more menthol during a drought.

7 min1 Mar 2025
#fatty acids#essential oils#climate
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